The review states a similar pattern occurs in those assigned female at birth (AFAB), with those experiencing early-onset GD being most likely to be attracted to women and those with late-onset being most likely to be attracted to men and identify as gay. Likewise, according to the review, transgender people assigned male at birth who experience late-onset gender dysphoria will usually be attracted to women and may identify as lesbians or bisexual, while those with early-onset will usually be attracted to men. Late-onset gender dysphoria does not include visible signs in early childhood, but some report having had wishes to be the opposite sex in childhood that they did not report to others. A 2016 review in the Archives of Sexual Behavior states this group is usually sexually attracted to members of their natal sex in adulthood, commonly identifying as heterosexual. Sometimes gender dysphoria will stop for a while in this group and they will identify as gay or homosexual for a period of time, followed by recurrence of gender dysphoria. Early-onset gender dysphoria is behaviorally visible in childhood. Gender dysphoria in those assigned male at birth (AMAB) tends to follow one of two broad trajectories: early-onset or late-onset. Īccording to the American Psychiatric Association, those who experience gender dysphoria later in life "often report having secretly hidden their gender dysphoric feelings from others when they were younger". Īccording to the British National Health Service, "gender dysphoria is not related to sexual orientation". A 2021 review in Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience found no relation either, and stated that historically the two were often erroneously conflated. Another 2018 review published in Adolescent Health, Medicine, and Therapeutics likewise found no relation between sexual orientation and gender dysphoria. Ī 2018 review published in PLOS Global Public Health found, however, that gender dysphoria does not reflect sexual orientation or attraction. Signs and symptomsĭistress arising from an incongruence between a person's felt gender and assigned sex/gender (usually at birth) is the cardinal symptom of gender dysphoria.
Without the classification of gender dysphoria as a medical disorder, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and gender affirming surgery may be viewed as cosmetic treatments by health insurance, as opposed to medically necessary treatment, and may not be covered. Some researchers and transgender people support declassification of the condition because they say the diagnosis pathologizes gender variance and reinforces the binary model of gender. Treatment may also include counseling or psychotherapy. Treatment for gender dysphoria may include supporting the individual's gender expression or their desire for hormone therapy or surgery. The causes of gender incongruence are unknown but a gender identity likely reflects genetic, biological, environmental, and cultural factors. Gender nonconformity is not the same thing as gender dysphoria and does not always lead to dysphoria or distress.
People with gender dysphoria commonly identify as transgender. The condition was renamed to remove the stigma associated with the term disorder.
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Previously, the diagnostic label gender identity disorder ( GID) was used, until it was eliminated in 2013 with the release of the diagnostic manual DSM-5 in favor of the current term. Gender dysphoria ( GD) is the distress a person experiences due to a mismatch between their gender identity-their personal sense of their own gender-and their sex assigned at birth.
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